USC Scientists Shoot for Cancer/Alzheimer's Breakthroughs with Space-Made Drugs

LOS ANGELES, CA - An April rocket launch will carry unusual passengers that USC scientists hope can lead to medical breakthroughs in cancer and alzheimer research: fungi.

A rocket set for launch from Cape Canaveral on April 8 will carry fungi to the International Space Station for experiments in using the high-radiation, microgravity conditions there to develop new medicines for use in space and on Earth, USC researchers announced today.

Scientists from the university and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory described the experiments with specimens of Aspergillus nidulans as the first time fungi will be sent into space for the purpose of developing medicine.

The specimens will be aboard the SpaceX CRS-8 mission. The launch will be the Hawthorne-based company's first cargo resupply service mission since CRS- 7 exploded about two minutes into flight last June 28.

"Certain types of fungi produce very important molecules called secondary metabolites that are not essential for their growth or reproduction but can be used to make beneficial pharmaceuticals," according to a USC statement. "Examples of secondary metabolites include the antibiotic penicillin and the cholesterol-lowering drug lovastatin."

Researchers said the environment of space could trigger physiological changes in the fungi.

"The high-radiation, microgravity environment in space could prompt Aspergillus nidulans to produce molecules it doesn't create in Earth's less stressful conditions," said Clay Wang, a professor of pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences and chemistry at the USC School of Pharmacy and the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences.

"We've done extensive genetic analysis of this fungus and found that it could potentially produce 40 different types of drugs," Wang said. "The organism is known to produce osteoporosis drugs, which is very important from an astronaut's perspective because we know that in space travel, astronauts experience bone loss."

Scientists said molecules from Aspergillus nidulans potentially may be useful in anti-cancer and Alzheimer's disease research.

City News Service; Photo: Wikimedia Commons