When the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone, underactive thyroid disease or hypothyroidism will develop. Symptoms include fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, dry skin, hair loss, elevated cholesterol, depression, anxiety, mental fogginess, weight gain, irregular periods, and infertility. In most severe cases, the fluid builds up around the heart, which can be a life-threatening situation. Treatment consists of thyroid hormone replacement.
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey found nearly 5 out of 100 Americans ages 12 years and older have hypothyroidism. Being women and old age are two risk factors. Many people have demonstrated clinical symptoms, but are not being treated because their blood tests are within the normal range. Studies suggest that selenium, iodine, zinc, and iron are the most important nutrients for optimal thyroid function. Other nutrients, including B vitamins and vitamins A, D, and E are also needed. A balanced diet of whole grains, beans, lean proteins, and colorful fruits and vegetables should provide enough nutrients. In addition, exercising, and practicing self-care and stress management can help. When managed with medication and a healthy lifestyle, thyroid function can return to normal